Lexopia

This Blog is Written by Laksh Walia, 2 nd  Year, BA LLB, NLU Odisha.   Introduction In the contemporary digital economy, data has become one of the most valuable corporate assets. Technology companies, e-commerce platforms, social media applications, fintech corporations, and even healthcare enterprises rely extensively on the collection and processing of personal data to enhance commercial efficiency, predict consumer behaviour, and maximise profits. Nearly every online interaction today is conditioned upon the user’s “consent” to privacy policies and terms of service agreements. This consent acts as the primary legal foundation upon which corporations justify large-scale data collection and processing activities. However, the legitimacy of such consent has increasingly become questionable. Most users do not read privacy policies, lack bargaining power, and are often compelled to accept lengthy and complex agreements merely to access digital services. The rise of manipulati...

This Blog is Written by Srinithi B, 4th Year, B.Com LLB, School of Excellence in Law, TNDALU, Chennai. Introduction "Technology is a useful servant but a dangerous master." — Christian Lous Lange, Nobel Peace Laureate. Imagine a world where every financial transaction we make, from paying for groceries to investing in stocks, leaves a digital footprint. According to the World Bank, over 1.7 billion adults remain unbanked, yet FinTech adoption has grown by 75% globally in the last five years. While technology promises financial inclusion, it also raises profound questions about privacy, security, and human rights. In the 21st century, we face a digital dilemma: how to embrace FinTech innovation while safeguarding our fundamental freedoms. FinTech has revolutionized access to banking and credit, particularly in emerging economies. Mobile wallets, digital lending platforms, and blockchain-based solutions are empowering millions. As Shoshana Zuboff, author of The Age of Surveil...

This Blog is Written by Arihant Chatterjee, 3rd Year, BBA LLB, Sister Nivedita University, Kolkata. Introduction  The Women’s Reservation Bill or Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam (128 th Amendment Bill) 2023, is a crucial piece of legislation that can make a difference in improving the political position of women in India. As per the Women’s Reservation Bill, women shall be provided with reservations in one-third of the seats in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assembly seats. The Government of India has enacted the Women’s Reservation Bill (WRB) through the 106th amendment of the Indian Constitution on 19 September 2023. As per the bill, thirty-three percent of the seats in the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies have been reserved for women. Aims/ Objectives of the Bill The key objectives of the bill can be listed as follows: To provide for 33% of reservation of seats for women in both Union Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies  To hig...

This Blog is Written by Surangana Bhattacharya, 2nd Year, BBA LLB, NLU Meghalaya. Introduction How should a street hawker be viewed in a city? A pedestrian might see a hawker as just an obstruction occupying valuable pavement space. A shopkeeper, on the other hand, may call it unfair competition because the hawker sells goods without bearing many of the costs, such as licenses, that proper businesses usually incur. However, from a hawker's perspective, these are viewed very differently. For most hawkers, the footpath is not simply a piece of public space. It is their place of work. It is the place from where they earn their daily livelihood and a family to feed and survive within a city without having alternative opportunities. Thus, there is a conflict here. How should the law weigh the public’s right to use streets and pavements against a hawker’s right to earn a living? The Indian judiciary has been trying to respond to this for decades. Along the way, it gradually reshap...

This Blog is Written by Amit Yadav, 4 th Year, BA LLB, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad. Introduction Trademark law was conceived for a marketplace of physical goods, storefront signage, and print advertisement — a marketplace in which the boundaries of commercial use were comparatively well defined. The rise of social media platforms and the influencer marketing economy has fundamentally disrupted these boundaries, creating commercial spaces where brand identity, consumer endorsement, and individual expression intermingle in ways that traditional trademark doctrine struggles to disentangle. In India, where social media penetration has grown explosively and influencer marketing has emerged as a multi-billion-rupee industry, the legal framework governing trademark protection faces novel and increasingly urgent challenges — from unauthorised brand endorsements and counterfeit promotion to algorithmic keyword manipulation and the blurred line between organic content and paid ...

This Blog is Written by Utkarsh Singh, 4th Year, BA LLB, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad. Introduction The Indian mergers and acquisitions (M&A) landscape has witnessed remarkable growth over the past two decades, propelled by economic liberalisation, foreign direct investment inflows, and the maturation of domestic capital markets. Yet beneath this dynamism lies a complex, multi-layered legal architecture that frequently tests the ingenuity of transactional lawyers and corporate strategists alike. From regulatory approvals spanning multiple authorities to valuation disputes and labour law complications, M&A transactions in India demand careful navigation of a legal terrain that remains, in several respects, a work in progress. The Regulatory Labyrinth Perhaps the most formidable challenge in Indian M&A is the multiplicity of regulators whose approval may be required before a transaction can close. Depending on the sector and structure of the deal, parties must ...

This Blog is Written by Vaishnavi Sonkar, 4 th  Year, BA LLB, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad. Introduction The relationship between parliamentary privilege and freedom of the press embodies one of the more enduring tensions within India's constitutional democracy — a tension between two institutions each claiming a foundational role in democratic governance. Parliamentary privilege, rooted in the historical necessity of legislative independence from executive and judicial interference, secures to legislators and legislatures certain immunities and powers essential to the effective discharge of parliamentary functions. Freedom of the press, while not separately enumerated in the Indian Constitution, is judicially recognised as an essential facet of the freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a), and serves as the primary mechanism through which legislative proceedings are communicated to, and scrutinised by, the citizenry. When these two constitutional va...