Lexopia

This Blog is Written by Dona Mudi, School of Law and Justice at Adamas University, Kolkata. Blog 29 | Edition VII Technical disruption, regulatory change and price competition have led to a consolidation of the Indian telecom sector, which is a key case study. One of the most important examples of industry consolidation is in the merger and acquisition of companies in this industry. It has become more oligopolistic with some of the major players including Reliance Jio, Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea dominating the market compared to a very fragmented industry with several regional and national players. High prices, pressure of spectrum allocation, high capital intensity demands, and the rapid changeover of 2G and 3G networks to 4G and 5G networks have all played a large role in this change. All of these have contributed to a significant extent to the market consolidation. Reliance Jio's entry into the Indian telecom sector in 2016 was a structural change in the telecom sector beca...

This Blog is Written by Ramita Chaudhary, 5th Year, BA LLB, Delhi Metropolitan Education Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi. Blog 28 | Edition VII Introduction The Indian court continues to struggle with issues like backlogs of cases, delays in procedures, a lack of judges, and restricted accessibility. As a result, e-filing, virtual hearings, digital case management, and AI-assisted legal research are all examples of how technology and artificial intelligence (AI) are changing the way justice is delivered. The COVID-19 epidemic hastened this transition to digital technology even more. These developments present issues with privacy, cybersecurity, digital inequality, accuracy, and algorithmic bias even while they have the potential to speed up, improve access to, and increase transparency in the legal system. AI must therefore be used responsibly without jeopardizing human judgment, basic rights, or judicial independence. This blog explores how India's...

This Blog is Written by Priyanka Ghosh, 2nd Year, BA LLB (Hons.), KIIT School of Law, Bhubaneswar. Blog 27 | Edition VII Introduction Can exclusive rights conferred by a patent coexist with the need of preserving free and effective competition? This question becomes of utmost importance when any patented technology is incorporated into particular technical standard. Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) are patents that claim technologies that are indispensable for implementing a technical standard; the attainment of prescribed standard is contingent upon their usage. Standard enables products manufactured by different firms to remain capable of integration, but they may also put patent holder in a greater position of bargain. Once any technology becomes an essential to a standard, implementers may, in practical terms have no viable alternative but to obtain the license.   This creates a conflict between objectives of patent and competition law. The Patent’s Act 1970, grants patent h...

This Blog is Written by Shiva Singh Gaur, 4th Year, BBA LLB, Bharati Vidyapeeth New Law College, Pune & Devanshi Singh, 4th Year, BBA LLB, Bharati Vidyapeeth New Law College, Pune. Blog 26 | Edition VII The Internation Chamber of Commerce revamped its rules concerning arbitration this modification has been the greatest since 2021. the modifications include changes that deserve significant attention: the death of mandatory terms of reference, expanded disclosures and codification of early determination powers. The term used by ICC is referred to as “the highly expedited Arbitration Provision” (herein after “HEAP”) which aims at providing resolution to the dispute in a short span of four months only. The system is not just a reform but a completely new track specifically creating efficiency for parties that don’t want to restrict themselves to the traditional time duration. The impact is not just restricted to Europe India stands as one of the ICC’s top user countries. The major ...

This Blog is Written by Krishna Gupta, 4th Year, BA LLB, V.S.S.D. P.G. College, Kanpur & Rimjhim Pandey, 4th Year, BA LLB, V.S.S.D. P.G. College, Kanpur. Blog 25 | Edition VII A protest is often described as a disruption. Roads are blocked, slogans fill public spaces, and governments are forced to confront voices that they may otherwise prefer to ignore. But in a constitutional democracy, protest is more than public disagreement. It is one of the ways through which citizens participate in democracy itself. The recent youth-led protests in Delhi over alleged examination irregularities have once again brought this question into sharp focus: when does the State’s responsibility to maintain public order begin to conflict with the citizen’s right to dissent? The events surrounding the July 20, 2026 protest near Parliament have raised serious concerns about the use of force against demonstrators. Amnesty International reported allegations of excessive police force, including batons a...

This Blog is Written by Shuchi Kumari, 2nd Year, BA LLB, NLUT, Tripura. Blog 24 | Edition VII Introduction In July 2026, student protesters at Delhi's Jantar Mantar found themselves under the watchful gaze of an invisible observer. The Delhi Police deployed the 'Ikshana' AI-powered surveillance vehicle equipped with eight 360-degree cameras and facial recognition software alongside AI-enabled smart glasses, drones, and a mobile command-and-control centre. What made this deployment remarkable was not the technology itself, but the complete absence of any statutory framework authorizing such surveillance of peaceful citizens exercising their constitutional right to assembly. This incident crystallizes a profound constitutional crisis in India's digital age. The Supreme Court's unanimous 2017 ruling in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India established privacy as a fundamental right under Articles 14, 19, and 21. Yet the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023,...